What causes tartar on teeth and how to prevent it
- Feb 8
- 3 min read
Tartar is one of the most common oral health problems and is frequently associated with bleeding gums, bad breath or the sensation of “dirty teeth”, even after brushing. Although many people consider it only an aesthetic issue, its presence can have a direct impact on the health of the gums and the supporting tissues of the teeth.
Understanding what causes tartar on teeth is essential to prevent future complications and maintain stable oral health over time.
What is tartar?
Tartar, also known as dental calculus, results from the mineralisation of dental plaque that remains attached to the teeth. When plaque is not effectively removed through brushing and interdental cleaning, it begins to harden due to the action of minerals present in saliva.
Once calcified, tartar can no longer be removed with normal brushing and requires professional scale and polish treatment in the dental clinic.
Plaque vs tartar
Dental plaque is an invisible film composed of bacteria and food debris that continuously forms on the tooth surface. It is a natural process, but it requires daily removal.
If not eliminated within the first 24 to 72 hours, this plaque begins to mineralise, turning into tartar. Unlike plaque, tartar has a rough surface that facilitates the accumulation of even more bacteria, creating a cycle of progressive gum inflammation.
What is the main cause of tartar on teeth?
The main cause of tartar on teeth is the persistent accumulation of dental plaque associated with insufficient or ineffective oral hygiene. However, several factors may influence its formation.
Inadequate oral hygiene
Irregular brushing, incorrect technique or lack of interdental cleaning favour the persistence of plaque on tooth surfaces. Even people who brush twice a day may accumulate tartar if they do not use floss or interdental brushes to clean between the teeth.
Saliva composition
Saliva contains minerals such as calcium and phosphate, which contribute to the plaque mineralisation process. Some people have a greater predisposition to tartar formation due to their saliva composition, regardless of the care they take.
Diet
A diet rich in sugars and fermentable carbohydrates increases bacterial activity and favours plaque formation. The frequency with which food is consumed throughout the day also influences risk.
Individual factors
Crowded teeth, misalignments or poorly adapted restorations may create areas that are difficult to clean. In these cases, plaque accumulates more quickly and the risk of tartar formation increases.
Smoking is also associated with a greater predisposition to tartar accumulation and gum inflammation.
Where does tartar form most often?
Tartar tends to form more frequently on the inner surface of the lower front teeth and on the outer surface of the upper molars. These areas are close to the salivary glands, which favours plaque mineralisation.
It may also accumulate near the gum margin and below it (subgingival tartar), which is particularly relevant from a periodontal perspective, as it is associated with chronic inflammation and bone loss.
What problems can tartar cause?
Although it may initially seem like only an aesthetic issue, tartar creates an environment favourable to bacterial proliferation and gum inflammation.
Gingivitis
The presence of tartar near the gums may cause inflammation, redness and bleeding during brushing. Gingivitis is reversible, but it requires timely intervention.
Periodontitis
If inflammation persists, it may progress to periodontitis — a more serious condition affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth, including the alveolar bone. This situation may lead to tooth mobility and, in advanced cases, tooth loss.
Persistent bad breath
The bacterial accumulation associated with tartar frequently contributes to halitosis, even in people who appear to maintain an adequate hygiene routine.
How to prevent tartar on teeth?
Tartar prevention is based on a combination of consistent daily care and regular professional monitoring.
Correct brushing
Brushing should be carried out at least twice a day, using proper technique and enough time to reach all tooth surfaces. Electric toothbrushes may be a good option in certain cases.
Use of floss or interdental brushes
Daily interdental cleaning is essential to remove plaque in areas where the toothbrush cannot reach. Without this step, the likelihood of tartar formation increases significantly.
Regular professional scaling
Even with good oral hygiene, it is advisable to attend regular dental appointments for assessment and, if necessary, professional tartar removal. This procedure removes accumulated tartar and helps prevent gum inflammation and periodontal disease.
The ideal frequency depends on each patient’s profile, individual predisposition and periodontal condition.
Dental tartar: prevention is simpler than treatment
Tartar is a direct consequence of plaque accumulation that is not removed in time. Although common, it should not be underestimated, as it may compromise the health of the gums and supporting dental tissues.
Regular assessment allows early identification of signs of inflammation and helps adjust prevention strategies to each patient’s specific needs.
If you tend to accumulate tartar or experience frequent gum bleeding, book an assessment consultation to define the most appropriate prevention plan for your case.
